3 lessons you must know about computer

<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhnCkLxozjBNKCpDvdpQSOVu_IVTyt-D91NE60pUWkEPYkRTQ1WWCIon05C74aBSdyuyHgtgl2Th2MRkf5Sc7t4EkOvw5r_L0y_w7q0jO-Pzl6AiWWRmot7bv297KDbSJeRwGccjouNz37K/s1600/computer-lesson.gif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhnCkLxozjBNKCpDvdpQSOVu_IVTyt-D91NE60pUWkEPYkRTQ1WWCIon05C74aBSdyuyHgtgl2Th2MRkf5Sc7t4EkOvw5r_L0y_w7q0jO-Pzl6AiWWRmot7bv297KDbSJeRwGccjouNz37K/s1600/computer-lesson.gif" /></a></div><br /> Computer is a very important part of our daily life now a days. So we all need to know some basic knowledge about computer. Computer is used to called calculator machine but now it can reduce a lot of human effort and work all alone and do multiple task without any help and in a very short time. As before we are going to start to post more computer lessons and basics fast of all you need to learn how a computer works. These are the basic three examples listed below how a computer works ?<br /> <b><br /> 1.Data representation<br /> 2.Data processing</b><br /> <b>3.Components affecting speed</b><br /> <br /> <span style="font-size: large;">How computer represent data ?</span><br /> <br /> <b>Number systems </b><br /> - A manner of counting<br /> - Several different number systems exist<br /> Decimal number system<br /> - Used by humans to count<br /> - Contains ten distinct digits<br /> Digits combine to make larger numbers.<br /> <br /> <b>Binary number system</b><br /> - Used by computers to count<br /> - Two distinct digits , 0 and 1<br /> - 0 and 1 combine to make numbers<br /> <br /> <b>Bits and bytes</b><br /> - Binary numbers are made of bits<br /> - Bit represents a switch<br /> - A byte is 8 bits<br /> - Byte represents one character<br /> <br /> <b>Text Codes</b><br /> - Converts letters into binary<br /> - Standard codes necessary for data transfer <br /> - ASCII<br />   - American English symbols<br /> - Extended ASCII<br />   - Graphics and other symbols<br /> - Unicode <br />   - All languages on the planet<br /> <br /> <span style="font-size: large;"><b>How a computer Process data ?</b></span><br /> <br /> <b>The CPU</b><br /> - Central Processing Unit<br /> - Brain of computer<br /> - Control unit<br />   - controls resources in computer<br /> - Arithmetic logic unit<br />   - simple math operations<br />   - registers<br /> <br /> <b>Machine cycles </b><br /> - Steps by CPU to process data<br /> - Instruction cycle<br />   - CPU gets the instruction<br /> - Execution cycle<br />   - CPU performs the instruction<br /> - Multitasking allows multiple instructions<br /> <br /> <b>Memory </b><br /> - Stores open programs and data<br /> - Small chips on the motherborad<br /> - More memory makes a computer faster<br /> <br /> <b>Nonvolatile memory</b><br /> - Holds data when power is off<br /> - Read only memory (ROM)<br /> - Basic Input Output System (BIOS)<br /> - Power On Self Test (POST)<br /> <br /> <b>Flash Memory </b><br /> - Data is stored using physical switches<br /> - Special form of nonvolatile memory<br /> - Camera cards , USB key chains<br /> <br /> <b>Volatile memory</b><br /> - Requires power to hold data<br /> - Random Access Memory (RAM)<br /> - Data in RAM has an address<br /> - CPU reads data using the address<br /> - CPU can read any address<br /> <br /> <span style="font-size: large;"><b>Components Affecting Speed</b></span><br /> <br /> <b>Registers</b><br /> - Numbers of bits processor can handle<br /> - Larger indicates more powerful computer<br /> - Increase by purchasing new CPU<br /> <br /> <b>Virtual RAM </b><br /> - Computer is out of actual RAM<br /> - File that emulates RAM<br /> - Computer swaps data to virtual RAM<br />   - Least recently used data is moved<br /> <br /> <b>The computer internal clock</b><br /> - Quartz crystal<br /> - Every tick causes a cycle<br /> - Speeds measured in Hertz (HZ)<br />   - Modern machines use Giga Hertz (GHz)<br /> <br /> <b>The bus</b><br /> - Electronic pathway between components<br /> - System bus connects CPU and RAM<br /> - Bus width is measured in bits<br /> - Speed is tied to the clock<br /> <br /> <b>Peripheral control interface (PCI)</b><br /> - Connects modems and sound cards<br /> - Found in most modern computers<br /> <br /> <b>External bus standards </b><br /> - Industry Standard Architecture (ISA)<br /> - Local bus<br /> - Penpheral control interface (PCI)<br /> - Accelerated graphics port (AGP)<br /> - Universal serial bus (USB)<br /> - IEEE 1394 (fireWire)<br /> - PC Card<br /> <br /> <b>Accelerated Graphics Port (AGP)</b><br /> - Connects video card to motherboard<br /> - extremely fast bus<br /> - Found in all modern computers<br /> <br /> <b>Universal Serial Bus (USB) </b><br /> - Connects external devices<br /> - Hot swappable [ device can be attached or detached without reboot]<br /> - Allows up to 127 devices<br /> - Cameras , printers and scanners , mouse , keyboard and others.<br /> <br /> <b>PC Card </b><br /> - Used on laptops<br /> - Hot swappable<br /> - Devices are the size of a credit card<br /> <br /> <b>Cache Memory</b><br /> - Very fast memory<br /> - Holds common or recently used data<br /> - Speeds up computer processing<br /> - Most computers have several caches<br /> - L1 holds recently used data<br /> - L2 holds upcoming data<br /> - L3 holds possible upcoming data

3 lessons you must know about computer

Computer is a very important part of our daily life now a days. So we all need to know some basic knowledge about computer. Computer is use...

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What is an information system ?

<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgCGgXDiBe2Z4wlk6vGOdqZRUeRm3yp4QuPwb2-5xKUvF9yqpxsGLIYboQwEhBdDo5g0N5wq9RiQw3w1VQPCenWyF4SYrBfLamaEb-HnBHEVy2AuP6izMabXhBRQuaO6j8dETU7THB9ih3N/s1600/information-system.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="142" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgCGgXDiBe2Z4wlk6vGOdqZRUeRm3yp4QuPwb2-5xKUvF9yqpxsGLIYboQwEhBdDo5g0N5wq9RiQw3w1VQPCenWyF4SYrBfLamaEb-HnBHEVy2AuP6izMabXhBRQuaO6j8dETU7THB9ih3N/s320/information-system.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><br /> <b>Data :</b> we call raw facts and figures data. Facts and figures often have little meaning until they are sorted or until we calculate something from them. This sorting or calculation is called data processing. When data is processed , it provides information. Data > processed > information.<br /> <br /> <b>Information :</b> Information is the meaning we attach to the data. For instance , a red traffic light is a form of data. The meaning we attach to this data is the information. Somethings data can give rise to ambiguous information.If you are driving a car and a car traveling in the opposite direction flashes its light at you , what does it mean ? it could just mean that a friend has spotted you and is saying hello. It could also mean that there is an accident further up the road. The information that may be obtained from data depends on the way that the data is interpreted and the context in which it is used.<br /> Data is often meaningless. For instance consider the number 131212. We could interpret this in any number of ways. for example :<br /> 1. Your driving liecence number.<br /> 2. the date 13/12/2012<br /> 3. the number of cars going down a certain road in week.<br /> <br /> The tree stages odd doing task<br /> All task can be broken down into three stages : input, process and output. Like input > Process > Output<br /> <br /> <b>Manual information system</b><br /> We are all used to dealing with some sort of manual information system. A telephone directory is an example. There may be several hundred thousand entires, but if we know the surename and address of the person we are trying to contact, we can find the number provided that it is in the directory. Manual information systems have many disadvantages. lets look at an example. Suppose you have a friend whose phone number and surename you know but whose address you need to find. You do not know their parent's initial and their surename is, unfortunately, Rahman. You could find the address by taking the following steps:<br /> 1. Look up the section for Rahman.<br /> 2. Start from the beginning and work through the phone numbers, looking for the area code look for 1207 and see if the rest of the number coincides.<br /> 3. Once the phone number has been found you can read off the address.<br /> <br /> An even worse problem might be if you had phone number of a person scribbled down on a piece of paper and you wanted to find out who you were ringing first. The telephone directory is ordered alphabetically according to surename and not in numerical order.According to the telephone number, so to find the number would prove an immense and time consuming task.<br /> <br /> <b>Computerised information system</b><br /> Computerised information systems are much more flexible than manual ones and a lot faster. With computerised system you could type in a phone number and if the number was stored in the system the name and the address could be provided immediately to you.<br /> <br /> Examples of computerised information system<br /> <br /> <b>The Driver Vehicle Licensing Authority</b><br /> The driver vehicle licensing authority (DVLA) keeps a huge collection of information concerning every driver and every vehicle in the country. Such a huge collection of data is called a database. Summarised details of this database are passed to the Police National Computer (PNG).<br /> Suppose there has been a hit and run accident and a witness is able to remember part of the registration number like _294_N ___.<br /> Imagine trying to search through the thousands of car registration having those letters or numbers in them. Even a computer can take some time doing these sorts of searches. Even rose , what would happen if we only knew that the car was a Audi r8 with partial registration L__N__. this type of situation happens all the time when the police are trying to trace cars. Computerised information systems are one of the main weapons in the fight against crime.<br /> <br /> <b>A computerised school management system</b><br /> Consider your school or college. In the secretaries office there will be a computer containing all information on all the students in the school or college. What are the requirements of a school infromation system ? <br /> Here are some of the taks that the system would need to deal with.<br /> 1. The system must record the attendance details twice a day for all the students. It must be able to identify students have poor attendance records so that they may be investigated.<br /> 2. It must list students personal details. This would include such things as name , address , mobile number , telephone number, date of birth , name of the parents or guardian , day time contact numbers, sex , religion , medical problems, form. form teacher's name, mode of travel to school, whether students stay for school dinners and so on.<br /> 3. It must be easy to produce the various lists such as lists of students for registration groups, teaching groups, parents evenings and school trips.<br /> 4. It must be possible to get infromation easily from the system so that letters may be generated and send to certain students.<br /> 5. The system must be able to cope with the administration for examination entries.<br /> 6. It must cope with all the financial aspects of running a school.<br /> 7. The system should be able to help organise a timetable, making the best use of the teachers and the rooms.<br /> <br /> As you can see from the above list, a lot of work goes on behind the scenses in school.<br /> <br /> <b>Advantages of a computerised information management system</b><br /> 1. You dont need lots of filing cabinets to hold all the students files and other forms.A single computer can store all the information needed. <br /> 2. Terminals can be used, So that many people can access the infromation in differet places at the same time. Whenever data is updated it is instally available to all the people using the system.<br /> 3. There is no duplication of information. The students details need only be entered once and then used for different tasks. it is possible to produce year lists, class lists, option lists etc. Using the data from the students files.<br /> 4. The system can be used in conjunction with a word processor to product mail shots to students home.<br /> 5. some information can be transferred to the system without using the keyboard.<br /> <br /> <b>Disadvantages of a computerised information management system</b><br /> 1. Everything depends on the computer system. If there is a power failure occurs, or if the system breaks down then an alternative system will need to be used.<br /> 2. To use the system, the staff will need to be trained. When staff leave their expertise will be lost and new staff will need to be trained.<br /> 3. Security will need to be provided to protect personal students and staffs information from prying eyes.<br /> Students personal details need only be recorded once on the system. Even a photograph can be put into it.The system is easy for everyone to use and can use the Windows style of menus.All aspects of the school administration can be dealt with by the system, from running the school library to recording students option choices. The form is used to record students option choices. Each option has different barcode, which can be stuck to the form. The details can be read by using optical character reader.<br /> <br /> The schools information management system enables the head teacher of the school to run the school as effiently as possible for benefit of all the students. Taks that would have taken a long time now can be done quickly.

What is an information system ?

Data : we call raw facts and figures data. Facts and figures often have little meaning until they are sorted or until we calculate somethi...

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Creating a Simple basic iPad application Step 1

<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhos1sQNItsbv2b_Ety8Ao0WC9esrsXiOfVXgwGwzShrak5XiCNGfF_XWVMj3D_KqJpBI_5OIRocsQRP8jQSON0P53hpwLUgnHbUUSpCYKkaec4wKLEThdnAOPFmMBdleaOM9QsBNakIfaf/s1600/ipad.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhos1sQNItsbv2b_Ety8Ao0WC9esrsXiOfVXgwGwzShrak5XiCNGfF_XWVMj3D_KqJpBI_5OIRocsQRP8jQSON0P53hpwLUgnHbUUSpCYKkaec4wKLEThdnAOPFmMBdleaOM9QsBNakIfaf/s320/ipad.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><br /> Due to the recent announcement of the <a href="http://tipsglobe.com/search/label/ipad">iPad<span id="goog_72711532"></span><span id="goog_72711533"></span></a> more people are interested to learn how to develop for the <a href="http://tipsglobe.com/search/label/iphone">iPhone</a> <a href="http://tipsglobe.com/search/label/iOS">OS</a>. This tutorial will be a basic learning tutorial for beginners who want to start developing iPad applications.The application that we will be creating will consist of two button and one label.<br /> <span id="more-287"></span><br /> <h2>Create a new project</h2><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjUuZr95nDaaznJZr21ZNtgHgT92NNHkkbkjs7e0W2RJwIedFC9btPgqfN7h9nyl493MMMGgQ6McyZuKSGlWZrSEPrCVtoD30p2lPB45mqyyiIWha1Tm85TfssW0TzPQNP85qPWAgLKiXPN/s1600/xcode-ipad-app.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="306" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjUuZr95nDaaznJZr21ZNtgHgT92NNHkkbkjs7e0W2RJwIedFC9btPgqfN7h9nyl493MMMGgQ6McyZuKSGlWZrSEPrCVtoD30p2lPB45mqyyiIWha1Tm85TfssW0TzPQNP85qPWAgLKiXPN/s400/xcode-ipad-app.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>First of all open Xcode and click "Create a new Xcode project". Select View-based Application and then iPad as the product.<br /> <br /> <br /> Save the project as Tutorial.<br /> <h2>Outlets and Actions</h2>For things such as labels and textfields we use IBOutlets and for buttons we use IBActions. IB stands for Interface Builder and is what we will use to create our interface and link the connections.<br /> To add our outlets and actions open up TutorialViewController.h.<br /> Under @interface TutorialViewController : UIViewController { add:<br /> <div class="wp_syntax"><div class="code"><pre class="c" style="font-family: monospace;">IBOutlet UILabel <span style="color: #339933;">*</span>currentNumber<span style="color: #339933;">;</span></pre></div></div>Then before @end add:<br /> <div class="wp_syntax"><div class="code"><pre class="c" style="font-family: monospace;"><span style="color: #339933;">-</span><span style="color: #009900;">(</span>IBAction<span style="color: #009900;">)</span>incrementNumber<span style="color: #339933;">:</span><span style="color: #009900;">(</span>id<span style="color: #009900;">)</span>sender<span style="color: #339933;">;</span> <span style="color: #339933;">-</span><span style="color: #009900;">(</span>IBAction<span style="color: #009900;">)</span>decrementNumber<span style="color: #339933;">:</span><span style="color: #009900;">(</span>id<span style="color: #009900;">)</span>sender<span style="color: #339933;">;</span></pre></div></div>Save TutorialViewController.h.<br /> <h2>Create the interface and make connections</h2><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEilDzT8va-uXmxP1OAMKOYIWeYv2i4HimOgz79V_biK1IClpLVMuh8ra5i_3cRBEfwpc-rkiu-JZYSl94BqAvHBVE1z75MQ-ZEbxSiNVVmGptNU9qkC7TTI_dT8FyXMw-pG1UlyJC3qHm4f/s1600/xcode-create-project.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="313" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEilDzT8va-uXmxP1OAMKOYIWeYv2i4HimOgz79V_biK1IClpLVMuh8ra5i_3cRBEfwpc-rkiu-JZYSl94BqAvHBVE1z75MQ-ZEbxSiNVVmGptNU9qkC7TTI_dT8FyXMw-pG1UlyJC3qHm4f/s400/xcode-create-project.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>Open up TutorialViewController.xib. From the library drag one labels and two buttons.<br /> <br /> <br /> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhR-yftpyA7Yf8gxEsscuMebIk1zXJ3qBnMMFbj3EcHsq5S6zVX9xwnLgGTH6cPlBQfn2xuzZFysHg-THNADyeCkrF1Dk_UvMZfnXeQytAIe3_N2GPW0Cf08QHjiljnYTnQwLp7FSc4oeVP/s1600/xcode-mac.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="265" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhR-yftpyA7Yf8gxEsscuMebIk1zXJ3qBnMMFbj3EcHsq5S6zVX9xwnLgGTH6cPlBQfn2xuzZFysHg-THNADyeCkrF1Dk_UvMZfnXeQytAIe3_N2GPW0Cf08QHjiljnYTnQwLp7FSc4oeVP/s400/xcode-mac.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>Control + click the File's Owner object and drag it to the label then select currentNumber; now go from the minus and plus button to the File's Owner object and select decrementNumber for the minus button and incrementNumber for the plus button.<br /> <br /> <br /> Save TutorialViewController.xib and close Interface Builder.<br /> <h2>The Code</h2>Open TutorialViewController.m. Below the implementation we need to create an integer called number and set the value to 0.<br /> <div class="wp_syntax"><div class="code"><pre class="c" style="font-family: monospace;"><span style="color: #993333;">int</span> number <span style="color: #339933;">=</span> <span style="color: #0000dd;">0</span><span style="color: #339933;">;</span></pre></div></div>We now need to create methods for when the increment and decrement buttons are pressed.<br /> When the increment button is pressed we will increment the number integer by 1 then set the value of currentNumber to number by using a formatted string.<br /> <div class="wp_syntax"><div class="code"><pre class="c" style="font-family: monospace;"><span style="color: #339933;">-</span><span style="color: #009900;">(</span>IBAction<span style="color: #009900;">)</span>incrementNumber<span style="color: #339933;">:</span><span style="color: #009900;">(</span>id<span style="color: #009900;">)</span>sender <span style="color: #009900;">{</span> number<span style="color: #339933;">++;</span> <span style="color: #009900;">[</span>currentNumber setText<span style="color: #339933;">:</span><span style="color: #009900;">[</span>NSString stringWithFormat<span style="color: #339933;">:</span>@<span style="color: red;">"%d"</span><span style="color: #339933;">,</span> number<span style="color: #009900;">]</span><span style="color: #009900;">]</span><span style="color: #339933;">;</span> <span style="color: #009900;">}</span></pre></div></div>and for decrement its the same but we decrement the number integer by 1.<br /> <div class="wp_syntax"><div class="code"><pre class="c" style="font-family: monospace;"><span style="color: #339933;">-</span><span style="color: #009900;">(</span>IBAction<span style="color: #009900;">)</span>decrementNumber<span style="color: #339933;">:</span><span style="color: #009900;">(</span>id<span style="color: #009900;">)</span>sender <span style="color: #009900;">{</span> number<span style="color: #339933;">-;</span> <span style="color: #009900;">[</span>currentNumber setText<span style="color: #339933;">:</span><span style="color: #009900;">[</span>NSString stringWithFormat<span style="color: #339933;">:</span>@<span style="color: red;">"%d"</span><span style="color: #339933;">,</span> number<span style="color: #009900;">]</span><span style="color: #009900;">]</span><span style="color: #339933;">;</span> <span style="color: #009900;">}</span></pre></div></div><h2>Build and Run</h2><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjltp3aG1eR6_1NXTUU8Bbl20qGeeAZTpf_NUXvhKEJh1fqqYRyldu7q-mCOf3VGAcytUf3nk7qIIyJz-XvDrUlibaYYPi3WwEZxhTwabsEmNpdLijpQAX9qMxBLSGeMTcLk1RqIcB5opQE/s1600/xcode-mac-app.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="308" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjltp3aG1eR6_1NXTUU8Bbl20qGeeAZTpf_NUXvhKEJh1fqqYRyldu7q-mCOf3VGAcytUf3nk7qIIyJz-XvDrUlibaYYPi3WwEZxhTwabsEmNpdLijpQAX9qMxBLSGeMTcLk1RqIcB5opQE/s400/xcode-mac-app.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>Press the Build and Run button (command + return) and your app will compile then open.<br /> <br /> <br /> <h2>Download</h2><h2><a href="http://www.mediafire.com/?0hiukhru7q021lr">Click Here</a> </h2><h2> </h2>

Creating a Simple basic iPad application Step 1

Due to the recent announcement of the iPad more people are interested to learn how to develop for the iPhone OS . This tutorial will be a...

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How to Crimp Ethernet Cables

The steps below are general Ethernet cable construction guidelines. For this example, I will be showing you how to make a network cable, and this general method will work for any category of network cables. <br /> <br /> Before you get started, make sure you have the necessary tools, and decide whether you're going to use <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category_5_cable">Cat 5e</a> or <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category_6_cable">Cat 6</a> network cables.<br /> <br /> <b>What you'll need:</b><br /> <br /> <ul><li>Unshielded twisted pair (UTP) patch cable</li> <li>Modular connector (8P8C plug, aka RJ45)</li> <li>Crimping tool</li> <li>Cable tester (optional, but recommended)</li> </ul><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgJpVSiNkEBJS31CfQPTZa1sXg9X4FDO6XYwnaOqe5Vm4CP77clq_-8923jT9ucKUxH81VQQM2t0WvXq0i9_u2qU14abdgN3MbuoaRNCBeTVs3-t2_qHRHjLmxGzV3v1fW48Una9EdG5nFF/s1600/What-you-need.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgJpVSiNkEBJS31CfQPTZa1sXg9X4FDO6XYwnaOqe5Vm4CP77clq_-8923jT9ucKUxH81VQQM2t0WvXq0i9_u2qU14abdgN3MbuoaRNCBeTVs3-t2_qHRHjLmxGzV3v1fW48Una9EdG5nFF/s1600/What-you-need.jpg" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><br /> There are four pairs of wires in an Ethernet cable, and an Ethernet connector (8P8C) has eight pin slots. Each pin is identified by a number, starting from left to right, with the clip facing away from you. <br /> <br /> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhgnsqRLVbIGTH3qiEg1g9TW30kLsRlwZkld5k_kR06PElxmMsqpEAov-1QpSpn-pZtbNE4Kn8MR9Pd4stWDxPn5X-8gZcm3E81YRAk0sTUAmGxAu5IBt0Q1yyrrP9LiB4DA5jzEfBg2r7U/s1600/Rj45plug-8p8c.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhgnsqRLVbIGTH3qiEg1g9TW30kLsRlwZkld5k_kR06PElxmMsqpEAov-1QpSpn-pZtbNE4Kn8MR9Pd4stWDxPn5X-8gZcm3E81YRAk0sTUAmGxAu5IBt0Q1yyrrP9LiB4DA5jzEfBg2r7U/s1600/Rj45plug-8p8c.png" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgzH-5s_8bCUeOxZqobu7cKm5kglvC6z8uOVxF_IyJ2MlD2nPNNHIWC0sMm1tHGTykmqSEEITxVbGACoBd-HXq_3Jj7CmgcsiMeos22c2CRkIz5T6PTU7B52zv9qMhplez2updzeCK0HEM/s1600/Rj45plug-8p8c.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><br /> </a></div><br /> The two standards for wiring Ethernet cables are T568A and T568B. T568B is the most common and is what we'll be using for our straight Ethernet cable. The tables below show the proper orientation of the colored wires to the pins. <br /> <br /> <table border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="2" style="text-align: left; width: 40%;"><caption><b>T568A Standard</b> </caption><tbody> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top;">Pin 1</td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">White/Green</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top;">Pin 2</td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">Green</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top;">Pin 3</td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">White/Orange</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top;">Pin 4</td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">Blue</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top;">Pin 5</td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">White/Blue</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top;">Pin 6</td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">Orange</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top;">Pin 7</td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">White/Brown</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top;">Pin 8</td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">Brown</td> </tr> </tbody> </table><br /> <table border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="2" style="text-align: left; width: 40%;"><caption><b>T586B Standard</b> </caption> <tbody> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top;">Pin 1</td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">White/Orange</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top;">Pin 2</td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">Orange</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top;">Pin 3</td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">White/Green</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top;">Pin 4</td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">Blue</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top;">Pin 5</td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">White/Blue</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top;">Pin 6</td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">Green</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top;">Pin 7</td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">White/Brown</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top;">Pin 8</td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">Brown</td> </tr> </tbody> </table><br /> <b>Step 1: </b>Strip the cable jacket about 1.5 inch down from the end.<br /> <br /> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh2DFoQEnrtEtL6CbYEeIku_8_SkI7szX_3Cmot1ScYgCqMObc_Y85HVvKZDdbBg0Ic85L-r6XVEioZUMZVRPaLT2WOb3PSmMUWsRFww8PcUlno9t9ZDklF6QjrJlJrLR_EveN1GsifRS96/s1600/Cut-jacket.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh2DFoQEnrtEtL6CbYEeIku_8_SkI7szX_3Cmot1ScYgCqMObc_Y85HVvKZDdbBg0Ic85L-r6XVEioZUMZVRPaLT2WOb3PSmMUWsRFww8PcUlno9t9ZDklF6QjrJlJrLR_EveN1GsifRS96/s1600/Cut-jacket.jpg" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiYJ_43G9Bj0p72fYUADWS5i8j_aA_eDeBSDJ4xhYq9584awD07mXhg82T80ucT6iCGpn9yAbY2zdPxN3DZ7Hl2BJFuQcnrGPoz0vejqfMK7S4p7o76rDD3e-EJx7uNu2PHxBxcb9LpWoI/s1600/Cut-jacket_270x180.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><br /> </a></div><br /> <b>Step 2:</b> Spread the four pairs of twisted wire apart. For Cat 5e, you can use the pull string to strip the jacket farther down if you need to, then cut the pull string. Cat 6 cables have a spine that will also need to be cut.<br /> <br /> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjy-4eG4Q54M4M4qDmB_yI30l0XkcLvkoLcB1LwwHSDFpXAQjB7L7NuWwFpogPug86gTVdVV2CendVCwto6o_LZLFmz2l0zHfvaz2qf82ihanSldGyBYLarj3FbC4JsBVITecJrMkeg_xzY/s1600/4-twisted-pairs.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjy-4eG4Q54M4M4qDmB_yI30l0XkcLvkoLcB1LwwHSDFpXAQjB7L7NuWwFpogPug86gTVdVV2CendVCwto6o_LZLFmz2l0zHfvaz2qf82ihanSldGyBYLarj3FbC4JsBVITecJrMkeg_xzY/s1600/4-twisted-pairs.jpg" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiOD2OzxzaoVORkMVehLzvPLNqBHTf7z2HdViUTTo9j1sxnpkCwb1ZP505M08bnXtbnEIKoFZ8bzR3U94MYr8psBVzaKcG7sNLsieT53cIcHWcjH03qUJ5NBuZQQiSaNScWZnfICbJy3vQ/s1600/4-twisted-pairs_270x180.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><br /> </a></div><b><br /> </b><br /> <b>Step 3:</b> Untwist the wire pairs and neatly align them in the T568B orientation. Be sure not to untwist them any farther down the cable than where the jacket begins; we want to leave as much of the cable twisted as possible.<br /> <br /> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhzvQ-oi2Qz9xLXUs0se9aOSWa-C62txCIUhvOHFs-HLzdAsg6hB-DAj6z1_8hqF2dKMGOVHnBsuC918UoXA7R2Kt2Pw5xZ8pjO2PZvUtgV6YS964CbtCbua-OlCBrCDz7c2wtxvjty6F8c/s1600/T586B-aligned.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhzvQ-oi2Qz9xLXUs0se9aOSWa-C62txCIUhvOHFs-HLzdAsg6hB-DAj6z1_8hqF2dKMGOVHnBsuC918UoXA7R2Kt2Pw5xZ8pjO2PZvUtgV6YS964CbtCbua-OlCBrCDz7c2wtxvjty6F8c/s1600/T586B-aligned.jpg" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhRo0PEcObvEiupEUYGj2iAbczkgMblfo71FaEtIjyYeXXGdAsTumjn8tJ6vEZru3w0VFXaEgRiFJOc1Uts5X3-wKD76vDomVVWtY5n4dhOwn0uMhxP7qVK7vlJyXjVtw0cs2rpFyG65Gs/s1600/T586B-aligned_270x180.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><br /> </a></div><b><br /> </b><br /> <b>Step 4: </b>Cut the wires as straight as possible, about 0.5 inch above the end of the jacket.<br /> <br /> <b>Step 5:</b> Carefully insert the wires all the way into the modular connector, making sure that each wire passes through the appropriate guides inside the connector.<br /> <br /> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhYyFiLzEzzm3q8nphvrV4I-gqwGE77gsW9l-ciFupyfg8LSzcylxCefEUHt1SUPihZpuwLa4CPIkpqofod5YTqxpGq5l7cmfNqqkiiH1mls9hehJy2utsM7GLHQKHON4VqfsF7g9hqwibr/s1600/Insert-wires.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhYyFiLzEzzm3q8nphvrV4I-gqwGE77gsW9l-ciFupyfg8LSzcylxCefEUHt1SUPihZpuwLa4CPIkpqofod5YTqxpGq5l7cmfNqqkiiH1mls9hehJy2utsM7GLHQKHON4VqfsF7g9hqwibr/s1600/Insert-wires.jpg" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiAbLFh3SPnIXLYazw0LT8Yr4At45_Kta77obshA_R1bjV-pVUOT1Rk-ITusLI4GVn0YUQlWUMXV6rEN6_CnN0qQXwszbs3xxLgDjoqwKSs1KJOxRD9-UwXjVpBuf0k1kwF0FMAKfLAinA/s1600/Insert-wires_270x180.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><br /> </a></div><br /> <b>Step 6:</b> Push the connector inside the crimping tool and squeeze the crimper all the way down.<br /> <br /> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiylUwl0sCCbHcS7wDkm1XStEHZnNqG_HDOc24htsJrnFpG-0rYdeCaiVKKAN9XYG0jZXmUz1LG9b3Ct4uKuCAxXAiUTPjXmrzgRXCNIXVZq6JHIXfGi99_j55EmQEc6B44MwVrfa1vWfp4/s1600/Crimp.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiylUwl0sCCbHcS7wDkm1XStEHZnNqG_HDOc24htsJrnFpG-0rYdeCaiVKKAN9XYG0jZXmUz1LG9b3Ct4uKuCAxXAiUTPjXmrzgRXCNIXVZq6JHIXfGi99_j55EmQEc6B44MwVrfa1vWfp4/s1600/Crimp.jpg" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><b><br /> </b><br /> <b>Step 7: </b>Repeat steps 1-6 for the other end of the cable.<br /> <br /> <b>Step 8: </b>To make sure you've successfully terminated each end of the cable, use a cable tester to test each pin.<br /> <br /> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh4kUsYuPp8P1KpbJHDMpJsMkmc9JxtFXQXUBk7MA-rLLCwwo0DDZ6zK307ZeML1dgMpFXiQsNpp8l8Ps9VKufkBxBc9njoIZE4KgVkJ9m2G2_HnqW8-NquL1Cnb_7no7CsSIy0pCZ5BfKw/s1600/Test.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh4kUsYuPp8P1KpbJHDMpJsMkmc9JxtFXQXUBk7MA-rLLCwwo0DDZ6zK307ZeML1dgMpFXiQsNpp8l8Ps9VKufkBxBc9njoIZE4KgVkJ9m2G2_HnqW8-NquL1Cnb_7no7CsSIy0pCZ5BfKw/s1600/Test.jpg" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><br /> When you're all done, the connectors should look like this:<br /> <br /> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgkpfnf0rUvZ4Uv4LU9VbyTjrclmKgLNZFXl7oNXjmjksQWWpvQ40j3CjYlFrZdBjhfmwQ76nPLmaq8yOm9rntORZyOFLX3IIjt__-Ctk_rEPawWYuZJ58rom9JogMeYO5DRqKsp_xUNLZs/s1600/Crimped-connector.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgkpfnf0rUvZ4Uv4LU9VbyTjrclmKgLNZFXl7oNXjmjksQWWpvQ40j3CjYlFrZdBjhfmwQ76nPLmaq8yOm9rntORZyOFLX3IIjt__-Ctk_rEPawWYuZJ58rom9JogMeYO5DRqKsp_xUNLZs/s1600/Crimped-connector.jpg" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjrQVShvKs0QRDbPzP-3KUbj9ufVep5S-0npbrtAi-e6ZxhcytB-DnYza3YcfoDo0UR578Yy9ALO2-CphW2I7x-iXCeAOITkqsfdLT1ub7JoWDOtsnQSFCoq0Vklqhx67cdG1d27ITgyz8/s1600/Crimped-connector_270x180.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><br /> </a></div><br /> That's it. For crossover cables, simply make one end of the cable a T568A and the other end a T568B. Now you can make Ethernet cables of any length, fix broken connectors, or make yourself a crossover cable.

How to Crimp Ethernet Cables

The steps below are general Ethernet cable construction guidelines. For this example, I will be showing you how to make a network cable, an...

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Complete Guide To Install Mac OS X Lion

<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgOCPGaLMiwaQeqedWToMTGXsB1e2qvCjKOdKFp2gIclrfE-kUGa7oNHDrPuFY8VMjLPnXYpCkYxCKKGm5kpwrIeXWHAkGVXrmZekih_yKFT4lUlUgYUEmdaeFaGjFMEZgxWWLpmlld5cBq/s1600/Mac-os-x-lion.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="148" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgOCPGaLMiwaQeqedWToMTGXsB1e2qvCjKOdKFp2gIclrfE-kUGa7oNHDrPuFY8VMjLPnXYpCkYxCKKGm5kpwrIeXWHAkGVXrmZekih_yKFT4lUlUgYUEmdaeFaGjFMEZgxWWLpmlld5cBq/s200/Mac-os-x-lion.jpg" width="200" /></a></div>After long Mac Lion OS X 10.7 is available now, and unlike previous versions of the Mac OS, getting it doesn't involve driving to the nearest Apple Store or retailer, or waiting for the FedEx truck to arrive—you just download it directly from the Mac App Store. 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We examine whether or not that's possible or, more important, advisable with Lion.</b></div><div class="articleSeriesItemSummary"><br /> </div><div class="articleSeriesItemSummary"><br /> </div><div class="articleSeriesItemSummary"><br /> </div></li> <li class="articleSeriesItem"> <div class="articleSeriesImage"><span style="font-size: large;"><b><a href="http://tricktipsworld.blogspot.com/2011/07/installing-lion-in-leopard.html">Installing Lion In Leopard</a></b></span></div><a class="articleSeriesItemLink" href="http://www.macworld.com/article/161087/2011/07/install_lion_over_leopard.html"></a> <div class="articleSeriesItemSummary"><b>Installing Lion officially requires that you have Snow Leopard Mac OS X 10.6 installed, but there are situations in which you may have a valid Snow Leopard license but want to go directly from Leopard Mac OS X 10.5 to Lion. It turns out there are several ways to do so.</b></div><div class="articleSeriesItemSummary"><br /> </div><div class="articleSeriesItemSummary"><br /> </div><div class="articleSeriesItemSummary"><br /> </div></li> <li class="articleSeriesItem"> <div class="articleSeriesImage"><span style="font-size: large;"><b><a href="http://tricktipsworld.blogspot.com/2011/07/mac-lion-os-recovery.html">Mac Lion Os Recovery</a></b></span></div><a class="articleSeriesItemLink" href="http://www.macworld.com/article/161088/2011/07/hands_on_lion_recovery_mode.html"></a> <div class="articleSeriesItemSummary"><b>One of the most significant new features of Lion is that it lets you boot your Lion-equipped Mac into a special recovery mode that includes a few essential utilities for fixing problems, restoring files, browsing the Web, and even reinstalling Lion. Here's our comprehensive look at this new troubleshooting tool.</b></div><div class="articleSeriesItemSummary"><br /> </div><div class="articleSeriesItemSummary"><br /> </div><div class="articleSeriesItemSummary"><br /> </div><div class="articleSeriesItemSummary"><b>If you have any question , comments , request please feel free to ask us through comment box.</b></div><div class="articleSeriesItemSummary"><b> </b></div><div class="articleSeriesItemSummary"><b>Thank You.</b></div><div class="articleSeriesItemSummary"><b>TipsTricks World!</b></div></li> </ul></div>

Complete Guide To Install Mac OS X Lion

After long Mac Lion OS X 10.7 is available now, and unlike previous versions of the Mac OS, getting it doesn't involve driving to the ...

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How To Search Rapidshare For Files

<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhJIy9gLbPjrHlx2IimTOYVztcwPVCQ2E4k4mOO9Flv2_S9O16Ej8uIsOF6h8l5HVij53hGSAvLGp7PUrEKnpgJLyEhal3QzC14zn8nfqV9zpsD0zQiUVCtzVsc6JuInVbPPvUvAdSLA8yV/s1600/rapidshare_logo.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="216" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhJIy9gLbPjrHlx2IimTOYVztcwPVCQ2E4k4mOO9Flv2_S9O16Ej8uIsOF6h8l5HVij53hGSAvLGp7PUrEKnpgJLyEhal3QzC14zn8nfqV9zpsD0zQiUVCtzVsc6JuInVbPPvUvAdSLA8yV/s320/rapidshare_logo.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>Rapidshare is still one of the most popular file hosting solutions on the Internet although their latest changes to the system have angered many long time users of the service. The reduction of the daily download quota for Rapidshare premium users and the speed decrease for free users are the two main points that have angered many Rapidshare users.<br /> Users have many different options to find files that are hosted on Rapidshare. Some of these methods include the use of specific Google search parameters that will only search Rapidhshare for the files and file types that the user specified in the search.<br /> Other options include so called Rapidshare Search Engines which maintain their own database of files that are hosted at the file hoster. They usually keep the databases up to date and link directly to Rapidshare for easy file access.<br /> <span id="more-6743"></span>There is another type of site that is offering Rapidshare searches, not nearly as effective as the sites that maintain their own database. So called Google custom search engines do nothing else than to combine the advanced search parameters of Google with a custom search engine that is bringing in revenue for the creator of the search engine. They can normally be identified by looking at the search button. If that button states Google Search you know that it is a custom Google search and not a website with its own database.<br /> If you want to find <strong>Rapidshare files</strong> you can use the following Rapidshare search engines that all use their own database.<br /> <h2>Rapidshare Files</h2><ul><li>Rapidshare Search Engine [<a href="http://rapid-search-engine.com/">link</a>]</li> <li>One Click Files[link]</li> <li>Mega Download [<a href="http://megadownload.net/">link</a>]</li> <li>File Crop [<a href="http://www.filecrop.com/">link</a>]</li> <li>Rapid TVPHP [link]</li> <li>Files Tube [<a href="http://www.filestube.com/">link</a>]</li> <li>Rapidzilla [<a href="http://rapidzilla.net/">link</a>]</li> <li>RS Rapidshares [<a href="http://rs.4chan.org/">link</a>]</li> <li>RS Find [link]</li> <li>Rapidshare Data [<a href="http://www.rapidsharedata.com/">link</a>]</li> </ul>It is easy to find hundreds of Rapidshare files search engines on the Internet but most of them provide no benefit over a normal Google search. Those ten websites in the list are unique.

How To Search Rapidshare For Files

Rapidshare is still one of the most popular file hosting solutions on the Internet although their latest changes to the system have angere...

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How To Search Mediafire For Files

<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgFs4hKV_n3jnMvwuZOnBMr_V3ZD6LLhgVpkXamrtc_B-srfFoAITsFkJLhf4kRtmezPFuBJpxwiiAaGdFCuUOeu0AImKbTY55IcnX1NXFaEtLm5d5tC2JXc82CBuugxTH1os_5W-2i-s63/s1600/mediafire_logo.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="153" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgFs4hKV_n3jnMvwuZOnBMr_V3ZD6LLhgVpkXamrtc_B-srfFoAITsFkJLhf4kRtmezPFuBJpxwiiAaGdFCuUOeu0AImKbTY55IcnX1NXFaEtLm5d5tC2JXc82CBuugxTH1os_5W-2i-s63/s640/mediafire_logo.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>There is no way to browse through the files on Mediafire directly which means that we once again rely on search engines to give us the information that we want. You can use Google, Yahoo and any other search engine that offers a site search.<br /> <br /> The basic command for searching sites is “<em>site:url</em>“, for Mediafire it would be “<em>site:mediafire.com</em>” The following is a list of possible commands that reveal lots of files of the type that you specified:<br /> <br /> <br /> <span id="more-2212"></span><code>site:mediafire mp3</code><br /> <span id="more-2212"></span><code>site:mediafire its my life.mp3</code><br /> <code>site:mediafire.com zip</code><br /> <code>site:mediafire.com avi</code><br /> It is possible to combine filetypes, just add a | between each file type. This would look like this then:<br /> <code>site:mediafire.com mp3 | ogg</code><br /> You can also search for specific filenames, just replace the filetype with the filename:<br /> <code>site:mediafire.com e-book</code><br /> Here are some stats taken from Google. Google has indexed almost 45000 links to mp3 files that are hosted at Mediafire, 20000 zip files, 6200 avi files and 42000 rar files. Not all files are working though. If Mediafire deletes a file it will still be shown for some time in the search engine that you have used.<br /> <br /> I also do search in mediafire by simple trick Name of the file for example if you want to search a mp3 files named : addicted by enrique first of all go to google and search for the perfect title for example the song sounds baby i am addicted but the actual song title is only addicted so search for the song artist name and title.<br /> <br /> Now go to google and search.<br /> <br /> Addicted by Enrique Mp3 Mediafire<br /> <br /> Now you will see first 2 or 3 searches will come with the files from mediafire.<br /> <br /> <b>In My Opinion Google Will Be The Best For Searching MediaFire Files.</b> <br /> <br /> I hope this will help you. If you need more information please let me know by comment i will try to help and add more details.

How To Search Mediafire For Files

There is no way to browse through the files on Mediafire directly which means that we once again rely on search engines to give us the inf...

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5 Tools To Learn Language

<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjab2R-pfa0Iu5r6v2dNaXwaCx9-gb2dbrq2Az8gu5qs2hdf8xLGr6jmp7Q7vJQ6q7xudXlDC5prWqJseTg8dxJli1CpevZstEo4yYy1eH1PgGC1qjlra5h_kFShwHm_hAIPkTwRfqQAMaW/s1600/language.gif" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="266" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjab2R-pfa0Iu5r6v2dNaXwaCx9-gb2dbrq2Az8gu5qs2hdf8xLGr6jmp7Q7vJQ6q7xudXlDC5prWqJseTg8dxJli1CpevZstEo4yYy1eH1PgGC1qjlra5h_kFShwHm_hAIPkTwRfqQAMaW/s320/language.gif" width="320" /></a></div>I am currently trying to learn French and German and often find myself using many computer-based resources to ease my learning, some obvious, like dictionaries, and some not-so, like podcasts.<br /> <strong>Dictionaries</strong><br /> Different languages generally have different online dictionaries. For German, I often find myself using <a href="http://www.dict.cc/">dict.cc</a>, whilst for French, I use <a href="http://dictionary.reverso.net/english-french/">Reverso</a>. The best way to find dictionaries is to Google, but one option to definitely consider is the ever-growing <a href="http://www.wiktionary.org/">Wiktionary</a>. Effectively every language has a Wiktionary and whilst it can be difficult to navigate, it is quite large and the range of languages makes it amazing.<br /> <span id="more-11423"></span><strong>Verb conjugators</strong><br /> <a href="http://www.verbix.com/">Verbix</a> is another web-based tool. It allows you to conjugate verbs, and even supports irregular ones.<br /> The free web-based tool supports verb conjugation in 97 languages, ranging from Afrikaans, to Milanese, to Old English to Welsh! <a href="http://www.verbix.com/windowsverbix/">They offer Windows shareware which supports over 300 languages.</a><br /> <a href="http://tools.verbix.com/guess/">Verbix also offers a tool too which analyses text and guesses its language.</a><br /> <strong>Podcasts</strong><br /> Podcasts are a very useful way to perfect your listening.<br /> It is very useful for me to hear a native German or a Francophone to speak.<br /> Browsing iTunes will obviously bring up many possibilities.<br /> My suggestions? For German, use <a href="http://www.slowgerman.com/">Slow German</a>. For French, try <a href="http://onethinginafrenchday.podbean.com/">One thing in a French day</a>. Naturally, I can’t make suggestions for other languages!<br /> <strong>Vocabulary trainers</strong><br /> One of the best ways to learn is purely to repeat.<br /> Many vocabulary trainers are available. These allow you to input words, or use preprepared word lists, and then be tested on them. The trainers compile statistics so you can identify weak points etc.<br /> For OS X, try the freeware <a href="http://www.tj-hd.co.uk/en-gb/vocab/index.html">Vocab</a>. A wide-range of options exist for Windows users; <a href="http://vocabularytrainer.net/">ProvaLingua</a> seems popular. Another option, which also works under Linux, is <a href="http://www.antikoerperchen.de/vokabeltrainer/englisch/screenshots.php">this program</a>.<br /> <strong>Wikipedia</strong><br /> I already mentioned that Wiktionary exists in many languages, but so does Wikipedia.<br /> To improve your knowledge of a foreign language, try reading an article on your native language Wikipedia and then on a foreign one. It won’t be the same word for word, but many ideas will be similar so you should be able to pick out some key words.<br /> Wikipedia is also a good way to find technical vocabulary in a foreign tongue.

5 Tools To Learn Language

I am currently trying to learn French and German and often find myself using many computer-based resources to ease my learning, some obvio...

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How To Check Website Is Down Or Not

<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgsXyuklv23Cpo8V9poYJxuWjtp8duopzGuXZbnlnoYABR-EmbseA-IjZbqXn1wloaKN5BFI9n_6UOpIhx5VnuDptgQztPZF90r5vz49YhHBcNBbjevmpYVoc6i81TDLRGQoADnXSQ68M4W/s1600/website.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="155" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgsXyuklv23Cpo8V9poYJxuWjtp8duopzGuXZbnlnoYABR-EmbseA-IjZbqXn1wloaKN5BFI9n_6UOpIhx5VnuDptgQztPZF90r5vz49YhHBcNBbjevmpYVoc6i81TDLRGQoADnXSQ68M4W/s200/website.jpg" width="200" /></a></div>I got the inspiration for this post from the <a href="http://www.downloadsquad.com/2008/03/15/is-this-web-site-down-for-everyone-or-is-it-just-you/">Download Squad</a> article “Is this web site down for everyone or is it just you ?” which mentioned a service that would check if a website was down or if it was more likely to be a problem on the user’s side. Some guys mentioned in the comments that the website checking service would display false results from time to time which in turn convinced me to write a post about other methods on how you can check if a website is up, or not.<br /> Checking if a website is up or not should be speedy, you do not want to waste your time analyzing large log files if there is another faster way to accomplish the check. This article is therefor concentrating on methods that reveal results in a matter of seconds which are easy to interpretate.<br /> If you know of a method that is missing let me know and I will check it out and add it if it makes a good fit. On we go with ways to check if a website is really down.<br /> <span id="more-3533"></span>1. <strong>Ping</strong><br /> A ping basically sends an Hello to a server waiting for an response. If the response takes to long a timeout will occur. Ping is measured in ms, if it is incredibly high something is wrong with either your computer, the route in between or the destination.<br /> The command is similar in Windows and Linux, just enter ping destination, with destination being an IP or domain name, and wait for the response.<br /> One of the many online scripts that ping servers is located at <a href="http://ping.eu/">Ping.eu</a>. It offers other network tools like Traceroute and a port check as well.<br /> 2. <strong>Traceroute</strong><br /> You can compare Tracerouter with a list of all the roads that you travel until you reach your destination. Only that the roads are the servers in this case that your data is send through to reach their destination. If everything is fine the destination server should appear at the end, if it is not you could get timeouts for instance.<br /> <a href="http://www.net.princeton.edu/traceroute.html">Traceroute Tool</a> from the University of Princeton displays the traceroute between the University and another server on the Internet, you can enter the IP or domain name of the server.<br /> <strong>Tracert</strong> is the command that you can use in Windows to trace the route between your computer and the destination. Use the command “tracert IP” or “tracert domain” to achieve this. Traceroute is the equivalent in Linux.<br /> 3. <strong>Domain Name System (DNS)</strong><br /> DNS errors most of the time occur when a website is freshly registered or moving to another server. It usually takes some time to update the DNS records to point at the new server. DNS is providing information much like your phone book is. Domain names are for us puny humans who have troubles remembering those server IP addresses (64.233.161.18 for Google for instance). Problems occur when the Nameservers who translate the human entered domain names into IP addresses have still the old IP in their records while the website is already up and running on the new IP.<br /> You can use the online script <a href="http://www.dnsstuff.com/">DNS Report</a> to receive a detailed report. Green results are fine, red ones point to failures and yellow ones are warnings.<br /> 4. <strong>Proxies</strong><br /> Proxys can be used to establish connections to websites even if the direct route from your computer to theirs is somehow blocked. You can compare that to visiting a friend and using his computer to connect to a server that you cannot connect to. If it works it is somehow related to your computer or connection.<br /> You can find hundreds of web based proxies at <a href="http://proxy.org/">Proxy.org</a>. Try some and see if you can connect to the website.<br /> 5. <strong>Ask someone</strong><br /> If you have direct contact to other users, be it in IRC, Skype, Instant Messengers or even forums, you can ask them if they would be kind enough to check a particular website for you. That`s practically a substitute to using a proxy.

How To Check Website Is Down Or Not

I got the inspiration for this post from the Download Squad article “Is this web site down for everyone or is it just you ?” which mentio...

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Hacks For Rapidshare Download limits And Waiting Time

<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhJIy9gLbPjrHlx2IimTOYVztcwPVCQ2E4k4mOO9Flv2_S9O16Ej8uIsOF6h8l5HVij53hGSAvLGp7PUrEKnpgJLyEhal3QzC14zn8nfqV9zpsD0zQiUVCtzVsc6JuInVbPPvUvAdSLA8yV/s1600/rapidshare_logo.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="216" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhJIy9gLbPjrHlx2IimTOYVztcwPVCQ2E4k4mOO9Flv2_S9O16Ej8uIsOF6h8l5HVij53hGSAvLGp7PUrEKnpgJLyEhal3QzC14zn8nfqV9zpsD0zQiUVCtzVsc6JuInVbPPvUvAdSLA8yV/s320/rapidshare_logo.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><h4>Here are some hints to help you more efficiently use rapidshare. Skipping waiting time and bypassing download limits are rapidshare hacks that everybody should know. These tips have been retested and continue to work well. Updated Oct, 2010.</h4><span id="more-869"></span><br /> Rapidshare has been an excellent tool for sharing large files. Recently users have discovered ways of bypassing the download limits and skipping waiting times. <br /> Several readers have emailed recently (Oct 2010) that these methods continue to work well.<br /> Update: Two new methods of bypassing download limits have been posted. These are more advanced and may require additional software or hardware, but you should check them out when you are done with these easier methods:<br /> <a href="http://www.tech-recipes.com/rx/1376/rapidshare_nic_tricks_mac_cloning_bypass_download_limit"><br /> </a><br /> Rapidshare traces the users IP address to limit each user to a certain amount of downloading per day. To get around this, you need to show the rapidshare server a different IP address. <br /> Here are some methods for doing this:<br /> <strong>1. Short-Out the JavaScript:</strong> <br /> <ul>1. Goto the page you want to download 2. Select <strong>FREE</strong> button 3. In the address bar put the following: <strong>javascript:alert(c=0)</strong> 4. Click <strong>OK</strong> 5. Click <strong>OK</strong> to the pop-up box 6. Enter the captcha 7. Download Your File</ul><strong>2. Request a new IP address from your ISP server. </strong><br /> <ul>Here’s how to do it in windows: 1. Click <strong>Start</strong> 2. Click <strong>run</strong> 3. In the run box type <strong>cmd.exe </strong>and click <strong>OK</strong> 4. When the command prompt opens type the following. <strong>ENTER</strong> after each new line. <code>ipconfig /flushdns ipconfig /release ipconfig /renew exit</code>5. <strong>Erase your cookies </strong>in whatever browser you are using. 6. Try the rapidshare download again. Frequently you will be assigned a new IP address when this happens. Sometime you will, sometimes you will not. If you are on a fixed IP address, this method will not work. To be honest, I do not know how to do this in linux/unix/etc. If this works for you, you may want to save the above commands into a batch file, and just run it when you need it.</ul><strong>3. Use a proxy with SwitchProxy and Firefox:</strong><br /> <ul>1. <a href="http://www.mozilla.org/products/firefox/">Download and install Firefox</a> if you have not already 2. <a href="http://mozmonkey.com/switchproxy/">Download and install SwitchProxy</a> 3. <a href="http://www.google.com/search?sourceid=navclient&ie=UTF-8&rls=GGLD,GGLD:2004-42,GGLD:en&q=proxy+lists">Google for free proxies</a> 4. When you hit your download limit, clean your cookies and change your proxy</ul><strong>4. Use an anonymous service:</strong><br /> <ul>Running your system through the <a href="http://tor.eff.org/">tor</a> network should in theory work; however, it is difficult to use and setup. Plus, you allow others to run their evil deeds through your system as well by using this system. <a href="http://www.tkqlhce.com/c2111biroiq57CF767C5769E6988">Anonymizer 2005</a> is inexpensive, easy to use, but not free. Other pay services would likely work as well.</ul><strong>5. You can use a bookmarklet to stop your wait times:</strong><br /> <ul>1. Open IE 2. <a href="">Right Click On This Link</a> 3. Select <strong>Add to Favorites</strong> 4. Select <strong>Yes</strong> to the warning that the bookmark may be unsafe. 5. Name it “RapidShare No Wait” 6. Click on the <strong>Links</strong> folder (if you want to display it in your IE toolbar) 7. Click <strong>OK</strong> 8. You may need to close and reopen IE to see it 9. Goto rapidshare and click the bookmarklet when you are forced to wait</ul><strong>If you find additional rapidshare hints, please post them in the comments below!</strong>

Hacks For Rapidshare Download limits And Waiting Time

Here are some hints to help you more efficiently use rapidshare. Skipping waiting time and bypassing download limits are rapidshare hacks ...

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Facebook Hacks For 2011

<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg1TDWK0MhdSWKemAKw4T7E5-4OYdpiUk_zCscoKjyPvaz33QUQTlvi_0Dra8wYE5SxKUZVk5lrKoPiqiiY4noU3UiIO3JBko5gbV3c577mdo7xG9j2rJyZekAuKLZH7_I4TjYVj5oZfvFd/s1600/facebook_hack.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg1TDWK0MhdSWKemAKw4T7E5-4OYdpiUk_zCscoKjyPvaz33QUQTlvi_0Dra8wYE5SxKUZVk5lrKoPiqiiY4noU3UiIO3JBko5gbV3c577mdo7xG9j2rJyZekAuKLZH7_I4TjYVj5oZfvFd/s1600/facebook_hack.jpg" /></a></div>Facebook has become very famous in last 2 year. Orkut which was considered to be the best Social networking website has been sidetracked by emerging Social Networking Websites like Facebook and Twitter. Considering the popularity of Facebook we have collected the Most Essential Hacks of Facebook and presented them to you. I recently wrote about <a href="http://tricktipsworld.blogspot.com/2011/07/24-important-facebook-tricks-and-tips.html">24 Facebook tips and tricks hack</a>, you might consider reading that before this.<br /> <br /> <b><span style="font-size: medium;">1.How to View the Album of Any User Even if it is Private</span></b><br /> <br /> You can use this script to view a photo in the original album, even if you’re not friends with the person.<br /> <br /> <a href="http://userscripts.org/scripts/show/9580">Get it Here</a><br /> <br /> <b><span style="font-size: medium;">2. How to Remove Annoying Facebook Advertisement</span></b><br /> <br /> Get rid of some of the Facebook advertising and sponsored by sections with this tool.<br /> <br /> <a href="http://userscripts.org/scripts/show/27121">Get it Here</a><br /> <br /> <b><span style="font-size: medium;">3. How to see Real Profiles from Public Pages</span></b><br /> <br /> This script redirects to real profiles from the Facebook people pages (public profiles). There is a risk of an infinite redirect loop if not logged in, so be logged in.<br /> <br /> <a href="http://userscripts.org/scripts/show/27011">Get it Here</a><br /> <br /> <b><span style="font-size: medium;">4. How to Undo Facebook Changes</span></b><br /> <br /> If you hate some or all of the new Facebook changes, undo them with these scripts and use what you liked previously.<br /> <br /> <a href="http://userscripts.org/scripts/show/8482">Get it Here</a><br /> <br /> <b><span style="font-size: medium;">5. How to View All the Photos from a Person</span></b><br /> <br /> You can search for pictures of a Facebook member who has tight privacy settings and view all his/ her pictures without his/ her consent.<br /> <br /> <a href="http://userscripts.org/scripts/show/11218">Get it Here</a><br /> <b><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /> </span></b><br /> <b><span style="font-size: medium;">6. How to Find More Friends at Facebook</span></b><br /> <br /> Suppose some of your friends have newly joined Facebook and you didn’t even knew. Use this script and it will help you go through your friends’ friends list and find them out.<br /> <br /> <a href="http://www.facebook.com/applications/More_Friends/2419601767">Get it Here</a><br /> <br /> <b><span style="font-size: medium;">7. How to Share Files from Facebook</span></b><br /> <br /> With this box widget, you can share files from your computer through Facebook. Isn’t it great?<br /> <br /> <a href="http://mashable.com/2007/05/24/facebook-platform-30-apps/">Get it Here</a><br /> <br /> <b><span style="font-size: medium;">8. How to Get a Job from Facebook</span></b><br /> <br /> Looking for a job? This application gives Facebook users unique access to job information, networking opportunities and other career resources.<br /> <br /> <a href="http://mashable.com/2007/05/24/facebook-platform-30-apps/">Get it Here</a><br /> <b><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /> </span></b><br /> <b><span style="font-size: medium;">9. How to Tighten up the Privacy and still Maintain Communication Convenience</span></b><br /> <br /> The Private Wall combines the best of both worlds of Facebook: online convenience and communication with more serious privacy settings.<br /> <br /> <a href="http://www.facebook.com/applications/Private_Wall/20221093560">Get it Here</a><br /> <br /> <b><span style="font-size: medium;">10 How to Cheat Facebook Texas Hold em Poker</span></b><br /> <br /> This is one of my Favorite hacks and that is why I have saved it for the last one. Using this software you can see the cards of any player and the advanced version of this software allows you to even add credits to your account for free.<br /> <br /> <a href="http://facebookhacks.magnify.net/video/Cheat-Facebook-Texas-Hold-em-Po">Get it Here</a>

Facebook Hacks For 2011

Facebook has become very famous in last 2 year. Orkut which was considered to be the best Social networking website has been sidetracked b...

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How To Spy The Source Of An Image By Google

<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh_mBPjBLh2VT-fEFFyQ2W2SeoB26fvKk4AmV5zIsenZxBjRpgXEbNbTArGw3lI4wIJGCGKQEI4PCi3hl06CHUPYzpP4ZXfhYphtyXRQNsq0R45sh-Ey19ecgo4CqoeceoFrEYnMwintK5U/s1600/Google-logo.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="225" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh_mBPjBLh2VT-fEFFyQ2W2SeoB26fvKk4AmV5zIsenZxBjRpgXEbNbTArGw3lI4wIJGCGKQEI4PCi3hl06CHUPYzpP4ZXfhYphtyXRQNsq0R45sh-Ey19ecgo4CqoeceoFrEYnMwintK5U/s320/Google-logo.jpg" width="320" /></a></div> Finally. Google has rolled out the ability to perform reverse image searches. Up until now, if you wanted figure out the source of an image, your best bet was <a href="http://www.tineye.com/">to use Tineye</a> (though some other more obscure services also exist). I always thought Google would just purchase Tineye and make it another addition to their repertoire, but it seems they decided to keep it all in-house. In my opinion, the more services I have to perform this task, the merrier.<br /> <br /> If you don’t know what reverse image search is, here’s a scenario to clearly spell it out for you. Let’s say someone added you on Twitter or Facebook. You see their main picture and you think yourself, “man, that sure is an attractive person… almost too attractive to have just added me to their list of friends!”<br /> <br /> Lucky you, you can now save that picture (or copy the direct link to it), go to a site like Tineye or Google Images, then upload the picture (or provide the direct link) to it and voila! If that picture has been found anywhere on the Web by <a href="http://www.tineye.com/">Tineye</a> or <a href="http://www.google.com/images">Google Images</a>, you will be provided with links to all the places that image was found. For a deeper dive into Tineye and for ideas on how to use Tineye like a Web sleuth, check out this article of mine.<br /> <br /> Back to Google Images, here is their official promotional video explaining how to use it and other search scenarios it can be useful for:<br /> <br /> <iframe allowfullscreen="allowfullscreen" frameborder="0" height="266" mozallowfullscreen="mozallowfullscreen" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/t99BfDnBZcI?feature=player_embedded" webkitallowfullscreen="webkitallowfullscreen" width="320"></iframe><br /> <br /> So, how does Tineye and Google Images compare? I took 10 images ranging from various subject matter to see how the results panned out. While I planned on doing an info-graph to show the two side-by-side, there was just no comparison. Google’s vast reach outperformed Tineye in every single case I tried. While I’m sure there are scenarios where utilizing Tineye may yield results when Google doesn’t (or, at least, may yield results that add to Google’s), I’ve yet to run into one as such. Sorry, Tineye.<br /> <br /> With that said, what are you waiting for? Start digging through those directories of images you’ve saved through the years and see what you come up with! Never again will you have to wonder if @HotnessInYaFace23479 is some celebrity “wannabe” or an actual celebrity! It really is a great way to search and an asset to those who understand its value — and to those who simply have yet to, but will.<br /> <br /> For more on Google Images reverse image search functionality, check out their <a href="http://www.google.com/insidesearch/searchbyimage.html">promotional page</a>.

How To Spy The Source Of An Image By Google

 Finally. Google has rolled out the ability to perform reverse image searches. Up until now, if you wanted figure out the source of an ima...

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A Better Programmer In 21 Days

<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEicA5U-ZxZaTBHEXpd3QF9U18i0IPNusqjykhmhQA0Vuh59ILdFK7tALi7hxLXfYWKbmDBKZb4s8B3DWQOSafe5a0BS4U2z_d67l_XUUQsVhSmtXX41XV1kr-nQcFc-uPinf5YtbzrlDQxZ/s1600/human-brain.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="278" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEicA5U-ZxZaTBHEXpd3QF9U18i0IPNusqjykhmhQA0Vuh59ILdFK7tALi7hxLXfYWKbmDBKZb4s8B3DWQOSafe5a0BS4U2z_d67l_XUUQsVhSmtXX41XV1kr-nQcFc-uPinf5YtbzrlDQxZ/s320/human-brain.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>People take a first programming course and they think they’re done - they’re programmers! Well not so fast. There is more to it than that just as there was more to learning and even reading when I finished the first grade. Others come to me and tell me they want to learn enough programming to create a specific application (rarely one that is that easy) or the next Halo 3 (never that easy) or something. There is this cram school mentality that seems to overtake so many people. Unfortunately, programming like so many things takes a while to really, deeply learn.<br /> <br /> I ran across the article Teach Yourself Programming in Ten Years by Peter Norvig recently and it does a good job of addressing this very issue.<br /> <br /> <b><span style="font-size: medium;">Why is everyone in such a rush? </span></b><br /> <br /> Walk into any bookstore, and you'll see how to Teach Yourself Java in 7 Days alongside endless variations offering to teach Visual Basic, Windows, the Internet, and so on in a few days or hours. I did the following <a href="http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/tg/browse/-/468558/104-5938873-6579160">power search</a> at <a href="http://www.amazon.com/">Amazon.com</a>:<br /> <br />      <a href="http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/search-handle-url/ix=books&rank=%2Bfeaturedrank&fqp=power%01pubdate%3A%20after%201992%20and%20title%3A%20days%20and%0D%20%28title%3A%20learn%20or%20title%3A%20teach%20yourself%29&sz=25&pg=1/ref=s_b_np">pubdate: after 1992 and title: days and</a><br />       <a href="http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/search-handle-url/ix=books&rank=%2Bfeaturedrank&fqp=power%01pubdate%3A%20after%201992%20and%20title%3A%20days%20and%0D%20%28title%3A%20learn%20or%20title%3A%20teach%20yourself%29&sz=25&pg=1/ref=s_b_np">(title: learn or title: teach yourself)</a><br /> <br /> and got back 248 hits. The first 78 were computer books (number 79 was Learn Bengali in 30 days). I replaced "days" with "hours" and got remarkably similar results: 253 more books, with 77 computer books followed by Teach Yourself Grammar and Style in 24 Hours at number 78. Out of the top 200 total, 96% were computer books.<br /> <br /> The conclusion is that either people are in a big rush to learn about computers, or that computers are somehow fabulously easier to learn than anything else. There are no books on how to learn Beethoven, or Quantum Physics, or even Dog Grooming in a few days. Felleisen et al. give a nod to this trend in their book <a href="http://www.ccs.neu.edu/home/matthias/HtDP2e/index.html">How to Design Programs</a>, when they say "Bad programming is easy. Idiots can learn it in 21 days, even if they are dummies.<br /> <br /> Let's analyze what a title like <a href="http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/1556227078?ie=UTF8&tag=profehackitri-20&linkCode=as2&camp=1789&creative=9325&creativeASIN=1556227078">Learn C++ in Three Days</a> could mean:<br /> <br /> <br /> <ul><li><b>Learn</b>: In 3 days you won't have time to write several significant programs, and learn from your successes and failures with them. You won't have time to work with an experienced programmer and understand what it is like to live in a C++ environment. In short, you won't have time to learn much. So the book can only be talking about a superficial familiarity, not a deep understanding. As Alexander Pope said, a little learning is a dangerous thing.</li> </ul><br /> <ul><li><b>C++:</b> In 3 days you might be able to learn some of the syntax of C++ (if you already know another language), but you couldn't learn much about how to use the language. In short, if you were, say, a Basic programmer, you could learn to write programs in the style of Basic using C++ syntax, but you couldn't learn what C++ is actually good (and bad) for. So what's the point? <a href="http://www-pu.informatik.uni-tuebingen.de/users/klaeren/epigrams.html">Alan Perlis</a> once said: "A language that doesn't affect the way you think about programming, is not worth knowing". One possible point is that you have to learn a tiny bit of C++ (or more likely, something like JavaScript or Flash's Flex) because you need to interface with an existing tool to accomplish a specific task. But then you're not learning how to program; you're learning to accomplish that task.</li> </ul><br /> <ul><li><b>in Three Days</b>: Unfortunately, this is not enough, as the next section shows. </li> </ul><br /> <b><span style="font-size: medium;">Teach Yourself Programming in Ten Years</span></b><br /> <br /> Researchers <a href="http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/034531509X/">(Bloom (1985)</a>, <a href="http://norvig.com/21-days.html#bh">Bryan & Harter (1899)</a>, <a href="http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0805803092">Hayes (1989)</a>, <a href="http://norvig.com/21-days.html#sc">Simmon & Chase (1973))</a> have shown it takes about ten years to develop expertise in any of a wide variety of areas, including chess playing, music composition, telegraph operation, painting, piano playing, swimming, tennis, and research in neuropsychology and topology. The key is deliberative practice: not just doing it again and again, but challenging yourself with a task that is just beyond your current ability, trying it, analyzing your performance while and after doing it, and correcting any mistakes. Then repeat. And repeat again.<br /> <br /> There appear to be no real shortcuts: even Mozart, who was a musical prodigy at age 4, took 13 more years before he began to produce world-class music. In another genre, the Beatles seemed to burst onto the scene with a string of #1 hits and an appearance on the Ed Sullivan show in 1964. But they had been playing small clubs in Liverpool and Hamburg since 1957, and while they had mass appeal early on, their first great critical success, Sgt. Peppers, was released in 1967. <a href="http://www.amazon.com/Outliers-Story-Success-Malcolm-Gladwell/dp/0316017922">Malcolm Gladwell</a> reports that a study of students at the Berlin Academy of Music compared the top, middle, and bottom third of the class and asked them how much they had practiced:<br /> <br /> Everyone, from all three groups, started playing at roughly the same time - around the age of five. In those first few years, everyone practised roughly the same amount - about two or three hours a week. But around the age of eight real differences started to emerge. The students who would end up as the best in their class began to practise more than everyone else: six hours a week by age nine, eight by age 12, 16 a week by age 14, and up and up, until by the age of 20 they were practising well over 30 hours a week. By the age of 20, the elite performers had all totalled 10,000 hours of practice over the course of their lives. The merely good students had totalled, by contrast, 8,000 hours, and the future music teachers just over 4,000 hours. <br /> <br /> So it may be that 10,000 hours, not 10 years, is the magic number. Samuel Johnson (1709-1784) thought it took longer: "Excellence in any department can be attained only by the labor of a lifetime; it is not to be purchased at a lesser price." And Chaucer (1340-1400) complained "the lyf so short, the craft so long to lerne." Hippocrates (c. 400BC) is known for the excerpt "ars longa, vita brevis", which is part of the longer quotation "Ars longa, vita brevis, occasio praeceps, experimentum periculosum, iudicium difficile", which in English renders as "Life is short, [the] craft long, opportunity fleeting, experiment treacherous, judgment difficult." Although in Latin, ars can mean either art or craft, in the original Greek the word "techne" can only mean "skill", not "art".<br /> <br /> <b><span style="font-size: medium;">Here's my recipe for programming success: </span></b><br /> <ul><li>Get interested in programming, and do some because it is fun. Make sure that it keeps being enough fun so that you will be willing to put in ten years.</li> </ul><ul><li>Talk to other programmers; read other programs. This is more important than any book or training course. </li> </ul><ul><li>Program. The best kind of learning is learning by doing. To put it more technically, "the maximal level of performance for individuals in a given domain is not attained automatically as a function of extended experience, but the level of performance can be increased even by highly experienced individuals as a result of deliberate efforts to improve." (p. 366) and "the most effective learning requires a well-defined task with an appropriate difficulty level for the particular individual, informative feedback, and opportunities for repetition and corrections of errors." (p. 20-21) The book Cognition in Practice: Mind, Mathematics, and Culture in Everyday Life is an interesting reference for this viewpoint. </li> </ul><ul><li>If you want, put in four years at a college (or more at a graduate school). This will give you access to some jobs that require credentials, and it will give you a deeper understanding of the field, but if you don't enjoy school, you can (with some dedication) get similar experience on the job. In any case, book learning alone won't be enough. "Computer science education cannot make anybody an expert programmer any more than studying brushes and pigment can make somebody an expert painter" says Eric Raymond, author of The New Hacker's Dictionary. One of the best programmers I ever hired had only a High School degree; he's produced a lot of great software, has his own news group, and made enough in stock options to buy his own nightclub. </li> </ul><ul><li>Work on projects with other programmers. Be the best programmer on some projects; be the worst on some others. When you're the best, you get to test your abilities to lead a project, and to inspire others with your vision. When you're the worst, you learn what the masters do, and you learn what they don't like to do (because they make you do it for them). </li> </ul><ul><li>Work on projects after other programmers. Be involved in understanding a program written by someone else. See what it takes to understand and fix it when the original programmers are not around. Think about how to design your programs to make it easier for those who will maintain it after you. </li> </ul><ul><li>Learn at least a half dozen programming languages. Include one language that supports class abstractions (like Java or C++), one that supports functional abstraction (like Lisp or ML), one that supports syntactic abstraction (like Lisp), one that supports declarative specifications (like Prolog or C++ templates), one that supports coroutines (like Icon or Scheme), and one that supports parallelism (like Sisal). </li> </ul><ul><li>Remember that there is a "computer" in "computer science". Know how long it takes your computer to execute an instruction, fetch a word from memory (with and without a cache miss), read consecutive words from disk, and seek to a new location on disk. (Answers here.) </li> </ul><ul><li>Get involved in a language standardization effort. It could be the ANSI C++ committee, or it could be deciding if your local coding style will have 2 or 4 space indentation levels. Either way, you learn about what other people like in a language, how deeply they feel so, and perhaps even a little about why they feel so. </li> </ul><ul><li>Have the good sense to get off the language standardization effort as quickly as possible. </li> </ul><br /> With all that in mind, its questionable how far you can get just by book learning. Before my first child was born, I read all the How To books, and still felt like a clueless novice. 30 Months later, when my second child was due, did I go back to the books for a refresher? No. Instead, I relied on my personal experience, which turned out to be far more useful and reassuring to me than the thousands of pages written by experts.<br /> <br /> Fred Brooks, in his essay No Silver Bullet identified a three-part plan for finding great software designers:<br /> <br /> <ol><li>Systematically identify top designers as early as possible.</li> <li>Assign a career mentor to be responsible for the development of the prospect and carefully keep a career file.</li> <li>Provide opportunities for growing designers to interact and stimulate each other.</li> </ol><br /> This assumes that some people already have the qualities necessary for being a great designer; the job is to properly coax them along. Alan Perlis put it more succinctly: "Everyone can be taught to sculpt: Michelangelo would have had to be taught how not to. So it is with the great programmers".<br /> <br /> So go ahead and buy that Java book; you'll probably get some use out of it. But you won't change your life, or your real overall expertise as a programmer in 24 hours, days, or even months. <br /> <br /> <b><span style="font-size: medium;">References</span></b><br /> <br /> Bloom, Benjamin (ed.) <a href="http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/034531509X?ie=UTF8&tag=profehackitri-20&linkCode=as2&camp=1789&creative=9325&creativeASIN=034531509X">Developing Talent in Young People</a>, Ballantine, 1985.<br /> <br /> Brooks, Fred, No Silver Bullets, IEEE Computer, vol. 20, no. 4, 1987, p. 10-19.<br /> <br /> Bryan, W.L. & Harter, N. "Studies on the telegraphic language: The acquisition of a hierarchy of habits. Psychology Review, 1899, 8, 345-375<br /> <br /> Hayes, John R., <a href="http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0805803092?ie=UTF8&tag=profehackitri-20&linkCode=as2&camp=1789&creative=9325&creativeASIN=0805803092">The Complete Problem Solver, 2nd Edition</a> Lawrence Erlbaum, 1989.<br /> <br /> Chase, William G. & Simon, Herbert A. "Perception in Chess" Cognitive Psychology, 1973, 4, 55-81.<br /> <br /> Lave, Jean, <a href="http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0521357349?ie=UTF8&tag=profehackitri-20&linkCode=as2&camp=1789&creative=9325&creativeASIN=0521357349">Cognition in Practice: Mind, Mathematics and Culture in Everyday Life</a>, Cambridge University Press, 1988.<br /> <br /> <b><span style="font-size: medium;">Answers</span></b><br /> <br /> Approximate timing for various operations on a typical PC: <br /> <br /> <table border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="2"><tbody> <tr><td>execute typical instruction</td><td align="right">1/1,000,000,000 sec = 1 nanosec </td></tr> <tr><td>fetch from L1 cache memory</td><td align="right">0.5 nanosec </td></tr> <tr><td>branch misprediction</td><td align="right">5 nanosec </td></tr> <tr><td>fetch from L2 cache memory</td><td align="right">7 nanosec </td></tr> <tr><td>Mutex lock/unlock</td><td align="right">25 nanosec </td></tr> <tr><td>fetch from main memory</td><td align="right">100 nanosec </td></tr> <tr><td>send 2K bytes over 1Gbps network</td><td align="right">20,000 nanosec </td></tr> <tr><td>read 1MB sequentially from memory</td><td align="right">250,000 nanosec </td></tr> <tr><td>fetch from new disk location (seek)</td><td align="right">8,000,000 nanosec </td></tr> <tr><td>read 1MB sequentially from disk</td><td align="right">20,000,000 nanosec </td></tr> <tr><td>send packet US to Europe and back</td><td align="right">150 milliseconds = 150,000,000 nanosec </td></tr> </tbody></table><br /> <b><span style="font-size: medium;">Appendix: Language Choice</span></b><br /> <br /> Several people have asked what programming language they should learn first. There is no one answer, but consider these points:<br /> <br /> <i><b>Use your friends.</b></i> When asked "what operating system should I use, Windows, Unix, or Mac?", my answer is usually: "use whatever your friends use." The advantage you get from learning from your friends will offset any intrinsic difference between OS, or between programming languages. Also consider your future friends: the community of programmers that you will be a part of if you continue. Does your chosen language have a large growing community or a small dying one? Are there books, web sites, and online forums to get answers from? Do you like the people in those forums?<br /> <br /> <i><b>Keep it simple. </b></i>Programming languages such as C++ and Java are designed for professional development by large teams of experienced programmers who are concerned about the run-time efficiency of their code. As a result, these languages have complicated parts designed for these circumstances. You're concerned with learning to program. You don't need that complication. You want a language that was designed to be easy to learn and remember by a single new programmer.<br /> <b><i><br /> Play.</i></b> Which way would you rather learn to play the piano: the normal, interactive way, in which you hear each note as soon as you hit a key, or "batch" mode, in which you only hear the notes after you finish a whole song? Clearly, interactive mode makes learning easier for the piano, and also for programming. Insist on a language with an interactive mode and use it.<br /> <br /> Given these criteria, my recommendations for a first programming language would be <b><a href="http://python.org/">Python</a></b> or <b><a href="http://www.schemers.org/">Scheme</a></b>. But your circumstances may vary, and there are other good choices. If your age is a single-digit, you might prefer <a href="http://alice.org/">Alice</a> or <a href="http://www.squeak.org/">Squeak</a> (older learners might also enjoy these). The important thing is that you choose and get started.<br /> <br /> <b><span style="font-size: medium;">Appendix: Books and Other Resources</span></b><br /> <br /> Several people have asked what books and web pages they should learn from. I repeat that "book learning alone won't be enough" but I can recommend the following:<br /> <br /> <b>Scheme: </b><a href="http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0262692201?ie=UTF8&tag=profehackitri-20&linkCode=as2&camp=1789&creative=9325&creativeASIN=0262692201">Instructor's Manual t/a Structure and Interpretation of Computer Programs - 2nd Edition</a> is probably the best introduction to computer science, and it does teach programming as a way of understanding the computer science. You can see <a href="http://www.swiss.ai.mit.edu/classes/6.001/abelson-sussman-lectures/">online videos of lectures</a> on this book, as well as the <a href="http://mitpress.mit.edu/sicp/full-text/book/book.html">complete text online</a>. The book is challenging and will weed out some people who perhaps could be successful with another approach.<br /> <br /> <b>Scheme: </b><a href="http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0262062186?ie=UTF8&tag=profehackitri-20&linkCode=as2&camp=1789&creative=9325&creativeASIN=0262062186">How to Design Programs</a> is one of the best books on how to actually design programs in an elegant and functional way.<br /> <br /> <b>Python: </b><a href="http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/1887902996?ie=UTF8&tag=profehackitri-20&linkCode=as2&camp=1789&creative=9325&creativeASIN=1887902996">Python Programming: An Introduction to Computer Science</a> is a good introduction using Python.<br /> <br /> <b>Python: </b>Several online <a href="http://wiki.python.org/moin/BeginnersGuide">tutorials</a> are available at <a href="http://python.org/">Python.org</a>.<br /> <br /> <b>Oz:</b> <a href="http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0262220695?ie=UTF8&tag=profehackitri-20&linkCode=as2&camp=1789&creative=9325&creativeASIN=0262220695">Concepts, Techniques, and Models of Computer Programming (Van Roy & Haridi)</a> is seen by some as the modern-day successor to Abelson & Sussman. It is a tour through the big ideas of programming, covering a wider range than Abelson & Sussman while being perhaps easier to read and follow. It uses a language, Oz, that is not widely known but serves as a basis for learning other languages.

A Better Programmer In 21 Days

People take a first programming course and they think they’re done - they’re programmers! Well not so fast. There is more to it than that ...

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laptop troubleshooting: Problem watching blueray (BR) HD HQ video freezes

<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.screen-power.com/wp-content/uploads/2008/08/blu-ray-logo.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="http://www.screen-power.com/wp-content/uploads/2008/08/blu-ray-logo.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><br /> <br /> Are you facing watching your favorite movies in blueray movies. I have faced the same problem and after a year i solve the problem. So, the problem is while you are watching the video it freezes or the screen stuck and go to another screen. This problem is a big issue for a lot of old laptops. I heard lot of people not able to watch and always think that is actually software problem or my computer configuration might not enough to play the videos.<br /> <br /> <br /> Most of the problem what i faced watching : blue ray RIP (BR) , HQ , HD and others.<br /> <br /> Sometimes i play a avi file which is more then 700 MB but still blue ray rip which is only 300 MB it freezes.<br /> <br /> So i hope you are having the same problem as i faced.<br /> <br /> So what is the solution for this ? is it a hardware problem ? is it software problem ? is it because my computer do not have enough configuration.<br /> Answer for all the question is : <b>NO</b><br /> <br /> <span style="font-size: x-large;"><b>Solution for blue ray HQ HD video freezes while playing </b></span><br /> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://backspacetab.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/06/laptop-overheating.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="200" src="http://backspacetab.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/06/laptop-overheating.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><br /> This solution will work for all laptops or even desktop.<br /> 1st of all lets check your laptop cooling fan. Is it working fine. While you are playing the video is your laptop is cool.I guess the answer will be no.The problem is your processor and AGP get heated and not able to<br />  process the blue ray/HD/HQ data processes. So, if you have a better or higher configure laptop i guess you will not face that problem. But still with old laptop you will able to over come this problem by simple methods.<br /> <br /> <b>THE METHODS ARE:</b><br /> <ul><li><b>Add new cooling fan in your laptop.    </b></li> </ul><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.7gadgets.com/wp-content/uploads/2007/06/61.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://www.7gadgets.com/wp-content/uploads/2007/06/61.jpg" /></a></div><br /> <ul><li><b>Add cooling pad in your laptop.  </b></li> </ul><ul></ul><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.belkin.com/images/product/F5L001/STD1_F5L001.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://www.belkin.com/images/product/F5L001/STD1_F5L001.jpg" /></a></div><ul><li><b>Always keep your laptop in a cool place.</b></li> </ul><br /> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://img.over-blog.com/300x261/3/76/81/35/asus-laptop-bamboo-plants.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://img.over-blog.com/300x261/3/76/81/35/asus-laptop-bamboo-plants.jpg" /></a></div><ul><li><b>Before watching any videos turn off your laptop for 10 minute.</b></li> </ul><br /> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.best-laptop-guide.com/image-files/how-to-shut-down-your-laptop-properly-1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://www.best-laptop-guide.com/image-files/how-to-shut-down-your-laptop-properly-1.jpg" /></a></div><br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <b>ANOTHER USEFUL METHOD:</b> <br /> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.dettecelectronics.com/images/laptop-cooling-fan.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="219" src="http://www.dettecelectronics.com/images/laptop-cooling-fan.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>So still you are not able to watch the videos. I guess you need a better idea to solve the problem. The idea is you will need a table fan or a small or even big fan as you like. Then put the fan just near your cooling fan.Most of the cooling fan located in laptop corner side.Now all you have to do is place the laptop in such a place so that the wind/air coming from the big/bracket fan is going all thought your laptop. Must important part is down of your laptop. So it will be best if you just put 4 peace of anything near 4 side of your laptop so your laptop will be slide up.So the wind/air will able to enter down to your laptop.<br /> <br /> <a href="http://latiftraders.com/Bracket%20Fan.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://latiftraders.com/Bracket%20Fan.jpg" /></a><br /> <br /> Most of the laptop always get hot down so you always have<br /> to keep your laptop cool down. Always place laptop somewhere that the heat is not conducting. If you place a fan near your laptop like the big/bracket fan your laptop will never get overheated even it will be cool always and you will able to work with your laptop more easily.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> I hope this tutorial will going to work for you.If you face problem understanding any part of the tutorial please feel free to ask. Share your experience thought comments.<br /> <br /> Thanks.

laptop troubleshooting: Problem watching blueray (BR) HD HQ video freezes

Are you facing watching your favorite movies in blueray movies. I have faced the same problem and after a year i solve the problem. So, th...

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Creating a full PHP Login system (Very Detailed) part 4

Before reading this tutorial please read the previous parts. In this part of the tutorial we will discuss about how the users will log in and log out. I will use the same database as in the third part of the tutorial, if you have registered there now you can log in:<br /> <div id="full-post"><br /> <br /> To log in we will use sessions (here you can read more about sessions). As you already know, a session can transfer data from a page to another pages. When the user logs in we will create a session with the username and later we will check this session: while the session exists the user is logged in.<br /> <br /> But first we need the log in form:<br /> <i>index.php</i><div class="code"><html><br /> </head><br /> <br /> <body><br /> <span style="color: red;"><form action="login.php" method="post"><br /> <b style="font-size:150%;">Log in</b><br/><br /> Username: <input type="text" name="username"/><br/><br /> Password: <input type="password" name="password"/><br/><br /> <input type="submit" value="Log in"/><br /> </form></span><br /> Don`t have an account?<br /> <form action="register.php" method="post"><br/><br /> <b style="font-size:150%;">Register</b><br/><br /> Username: <input type="text" name="username"/><br/><br /> Password: <input type="password" name="password"/><br/><br /> Retype password: <input type="password" name="retype-password"/><br /><br /> <input type="submit" value="Register" /><br /> </form><br /> </body><br /> </html></div><br /> And now we need to create the <i>login.php</i> file. This file will create the session if the given username and password are matching. It will check the username and password by searching in the MySQL table for a row where the username field matches the given username and password field with the given password.<br /> <i>login.php</i>:<div class="code"><?php<br /> session_start(); <span style="color: green;">//Start sessions</span><br /> mysql_connect('host', 'database', 'password')<br /> or die ("Could not connect to mysql because ".mysql_error());<br /> mysql_select_db('database')<br /> or die ("Could not select database because ".mysql_error());<br /> if(<span style="color: red;">mysql_num_rows(mysql_query("SELECT * FROM users WHERE username='".$_POST["username"]."' and password='".$_POST["password"]."'"))==1</span>){<br /> session_register("username"); <span style="color: green;">//Create the session</span><br /> }<br /> else {<br /> echo 'Wrong username or password!';<br /> }<br /> ?></div><br /> Now the session is created but we are not seeing the results. To see some results we will need to modify the <i>index.php</i> to show a welcome message if the user is logged in, else to show the login and registration forms:<br /> <i>index.php</i>:<div class="code"><span style="color: red;"><?php<br /> session_start();<br /> ?></span><br /> <html><br /> <head><br /> </head><br /> <br /> <body><br /> <?php<br /> if(!session_is_registered("username")){?><br /> <form action="login.php" method="post"><br /> <b style="font-size:150%;">Log in</b><br/><br /> Username: <input type="text" name="username"/><br/><br /> Password: <input type="password" name="password"/><br/><br /> <input type="submit" value="Log in"/><br /> </form><br /> Don`t have an account?<br /> <form action="register.php" method="post"><br/><br /> <b style="font-size:150%;">Register</b><br/><br /> Username: <input type="text" name="username"/><br/><br /> Password: <input type="password" name="password"/><br/><br /> Retype password: <input type="password" name="retype-password"/><br /><br /> <input type="submit" value="Register" /><br /> </form> <br /> <?php }<br /> else{<br /> <span style="color: red;">echo 'Welcome ' . $_SESSION["username"];</span><br /> }?><br /> </body><br /> </html></div><br /> In this moment if you log in ,you need to go back to the <i>index.php</i> file to see the welcome message. To solve this problem we will need to edit the <i>login.php</i> file in a way to redirect the user back to <i>index.php</i>. We will make this by using the <i>header("location:index.php")</i> function:<br /> <i>login.php</i>:<div class="code"><?php<br /> session_start(); <br /> mysql_connect('host', 'database', 'password')<br /> or die ("Could not connect to mysql because ".mysql_error());<br /> mysql_select_db('database')<br /> or die ("Could not select database because ".mysql_error());<br /> if(mysql_num_rows(mysql_query("SELECT * FROM users WHERE username='".$_POST["username"]."' and password='".$_POST["password"]."'"))==1){<br /> session_register("username");<br /> <span style="color: red;">header("location:index.php");</span><br /> }<br /> else {<br /> echo 'Wrong username or password!';<br /> }<br /> ?></div><br /> Now there is only one thing that needs to be done: the log out option. We will make logging out possible by creating a file: <i>logout.php</i>. This file will simply delete the <i>username</i> session and redirect the users back to <i>index.php</i>, but first we need to include the log out button in the <i>index.php</i> file:<br /> <i>index.php</i>:<div class="code"><?php<br /> session_start();<br /> ?><br /> <html><br /> <head><br /> </head><br /> <br /> <body><br /> <?php<br /> if(!session_is_registered("username")){?><br /> <form action="login.php" method="post"><br /> <b style="font-size:150%;">Log in</b><br/><br /> Username: <input type="text" name="username"/><br/><br /> Password: <input type="password" name="password"/><br/><br /> <input type="submit" value="Log in"/><br /> </form><br /> Don`t have an account?<br /> <form action="register.php" method="post"><br/><br /> <b style="font-size:150%;">Register</b><br/><br /> Username: <input type="text" name="username"/><br/><br /> Password: <input type="password" name="password"/><br/><br /> Retype password: <input type="password" name="retype-password"/><br /><br /> <input type="submit" value="Register" /><br /> </form> <br /> <?php }<br /> else{<br /> echo 'Welcome ' . $_SESSION["username"] . <span style="color: red;">'<br/><a href="logout.php">Log out</a>'</span>;<br /> }?><br /> </body><br /> </html></div>And here is the log out part:<br /> <i>logout.php</i>:<div class="code"><?php<br /> session_start();<br /> session_destroy(); <span style="color: green;">//Delete session</span><br /> header("location:index.php");<br /> ?></div>And now the script should work fine, if it doesn`t or you have a question please comment. This script can be easily adapted to any website, by checking the existence of the session on each page.</div>

Creating a full PHP Login system (Very Detailed) part 4

Before reading this tutorial please read the previous parts. In this part of the tutorial we will discuss about how the users will log in ...

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